9. Alastair MacLennan et al., Who Will
Deliver Our Grandchildren? Implications
of Cerebral Palsy Litigation, 294 JAMA
1688, 1688–89 (2005).
10. Am. Cong. Obstetricians & Gynecologists,
supra n. 8; see also Gary D.V. Hankins &
Michael Speer, Defining the Pathogenesis
and Pathophysiology of Neonatal Encephalopathy and Cerebral Palsy, 102 Obstetrics &
Gynecology 628 (2003).
11. Am. Cong. Obstetricians & Gynecologists,
Tech. Bull. 163, Fetal and Neonatal
Neurologic Injury (Jan. 1992). Hankins is
also a coauthor of Berkowitz et al., supra
n. 5, and MacLennan et al., supra n. 9.
12. Bennett v. Fla. Birth-Related Neurologic
Compen. Assn., No. 06-2422, Dep. Transcr.
88–96 (June 13, 2007) and Hr. Transcr.
98–101 (July 9, 2007).
13. See e.g. Westberry v. Gislaved Gummi AB,
178 F.3d 257, 262–63 (4th Cir. 1999);
Hardyman v. Norfolk & W. Ry. Co., 243 F.3d
255, 261–62 (6th Cir. 2001). These and
other similar cases support deductive
reasoning based on identifiable data as the
approved scientific methodology.
14. See e.g. Marcus C. Hermansen, The Acidosis
Paradox: Asphyxial Brain Injury without
Coincident Acidemia, 45 Developmental
Med. & Child Neurology 353 (2003).
15. See Robert C. Goodlin, Do Concepts of
Causes and Prevention of Cerebral Palsy
Require Revision?, 172 Am. J. Obstetrics &
Gynecology 1830 (1995).
16. Richard P. Perkins, Perspectives on
Perinatal Brain Damage, 69 Obstetrics &
Gynecology 807, 815 (1987).
17. Richard L. Naeye, Causes of Perinatal
Mortality in the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal
Project, 238 JAMA 228, 229 (1977).
18. Id.
19. See MacLennan et al., supra n. 9.
20. See Bengt Hagberg et al., Gains and Hazards
of Intensive Neonatal Care: An Analysis from
Swedish Cerebral Palsy Epidemiology, 24
Developmental Med. & Child Neurology 13
(1982); Alfred L. Scherzer, The Changing Face
of Cerebral Palsy?, 29 Developmental Med. &
Child Neurology 550 (1987); see also Kate
Himmelmann et al., The Changing Panorama
of Cerebral Palsy in Sweden. IX. Prevalence
and Origin in the Birth-Year Period 1995–1998,
94 ACTA Pediatrics 287 (2005).
21. See Je rey B. Cooper & David M. Gaba, No
Myth: Anesthesia Is a Model for Addressing
Patient Safety, 97 Anesthesiology 1335
(2002); David M. Gaba, Anaesthesiology as
a Model for Patient Safety in Health Care,
320 Brit. Med. J. 785 (2000).
22. Steven L. Clark et al., Improved Outcomes,
Fewer Cesarean Deliveries, and Reduced Litigation: Results of a New Paradigm in Patient
Safety, 199 Am. J. Obstetrics & Gynecology
105.e1, 105.e6 fig. 4 & 105.e4 (2008).
23. See Am. Cong. Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Prac. Bull. No. 106, Intrapartum Fetal
Heart Rate Monitoring: Nomenclature,
Interpretation, and General Management
Principles (July 2009).
24. Catherine Y. Spong, Electronic Fetal Heart
Rate Monitoring: Another Look, 112
Obstetrics & Gynecology 506, 507 (2008).
25. See e.g. Am. Cong. Obstetricians &
Gynecologists, Comm. Op. No. 197,
Inappropriate Use of the Terms Fetal
Distress and Birth Asphyxia (Feb. 1998).
26. See generally Richard J. Martin et al.,
Fanaro and Martin’s Neonatal-Perinatal
Medicine (6th ed., Mosby 2006).
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