Management of the Newborn, 56 Pediatric
Clinics N. Am. 515 (2009).
5. Bruce D. McCarthy et al., Missed Diagnoses
of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the
Emergency Department: Results from a
Multicenter Study, 22 Annals Emerg. Med.
579 (1993).
6. See Williams, supra n. 1, at 610; Emilio B.
Lobato et al., Complications in Anesthesiology 35 (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2007).
7. Mary Ann Cheng et al., The Effect of Prone
Positioning on Intraocular Pressure in
Anesthetized Patients, 95 Anesthesiology
1351, 1351 (2001).
8. René Tempelhoff, An Optic Nerve at Risk
and a Prolonged Surgery in the Prone
Position: Time to Reconsider?, 108 Anesthesiology 775, 775 (2008).
9. See Cheng et al., supra n. 7.
10. Am. Socy. Anesthesiologists Task Force
on Perioperative Blindness, ASA Practice
Advisory for Perioperative Visual Loss
Associated with Spine Surgery, 104
Anesthesiology 1319, 1321 (2006) (citing
Mark A. Myers et al., Visual Loss as a
Complication of Spinal Surgery: A Review
of 37 Cases, 22 Spine 1325 (1997)).
11. Lorri A. Lee et al., Effects of Anemia and
Hypotension on Porcine Optic Nerve
Blood Flow and Oxygen Delivery, 108
Anesthesiology 864 (2008).
12. Geordie P. Grant et al., Effects of Prone
and Reverse Trendelenburg Positioning on
Ocular Parameters, 112 Anesthesiology
57–65 (2010).
13. Data is gathered and maintained by the
Healthcare Cost & Utilization Project of the
Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality. See www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/
nisoverview.jsp.
14. See Lorri A. Lee, ASA Postoperative Visual
Loss (POVL) Registry, www.apsf.org/
resource_center/newsletter/2001/
winter/ 09povl.htm; Lorri A. Lee et al.,
The American Society of Anesthesiologists
Postoperative Visual Loss Registry: Analysis
of 93 Spine Surgery Cases with Postoperative
Visual Loss, 105 Anesthesiology 652 (2006).
15. However, the orthopedic community has
published recommendations for preventing
POVL. See Chirag G. Patil et al., Visual Loss
after Spine Surgery: A Population-Based
Study, 33 Spine 1491 (2008).
16. Am. Socy. Anesthesiologists, Closed Claims
Project, http://depts.washington.edu/
asaccp/ASA/ index.shtml.
17. Hugh G. Gauch Jr., Scientific Method in
Practice 98 (Cambridge U. Press 2003).
18. See Order, Garrigan v. Bowen, No. 06CV399
(Colo., Mesa Co. Dist. Oct. 22, 2009), www.
girardslaw.com/files/Order_Striking_Lee_
9oct22.pdf.
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